Forums > Model Colloquy > Medical Information About Models

Photographer

TLVPhoto

Posts: 94

Apex, North Carolina, US

As a photographer I have a question for models that may or may not have some type of on-going medical condition. (I am not asking what it is you have, please keep that private.) Have you disclosed the issue with the photographer and provided any special instructions in advance in the event something happens while shooting?

My second question, if a photographer requested, not required, you fill out one of those quick medical forms, like you would fill out to get a massage, place it in a sealed envelope and made it accessible during the shoot (not in the bottom of your purse or bag) in case there is a problem and you are not able to respond to only be opened my EMS when they arrive, how would feel about that?

The envelope is not to be left behind, sent in advance, just set out in the open and only opened by the EMS. On the outside would be name, any emergency number you would want to have.

The reason I ask is because I have had a couple models let me know while shooting they needed to take a break and eat because of their blood sugar. There was one model that said she always has an escort because she has had seizures and her escort knows how to handle them.

Models that travel, what do you do? Or have you ever considered this?

Dec 09 22 05:39 am Link

Photographer

Express Unlimited

Posts: 40

San Diego, California, US

I think it's up to the model and may not often be relevant

Personally I have a Service dog so i have to tell about that - now that I am a photographer I need my clients to be OK with him.  When I was a model i just scheduled shoots around my medical needs and it never really came up.


I have also hired models with kidney and heart or severe breathing medical conditions but there were no issues at the shoots - and they didn't tell me until they got to know me.
I wasn't too happy to find out at a shoot / just after, that (another of them) had a severe mental health issue she had not told me about... If it's going to impact the shoot it ought to be out in the open head of time. 
Just like if you cant hike, don't book 5 miles into the woods - and if you are scared of heights don't book on edge of a skyscraper rooftop!!!

Dec 09 22 10:38 am Link

Photographer

Express Unlimited

Posts: 40

San Diego, California, US

;-)

Dec 09 22 10:39 am Link

Photographer

Eternal Photos

Posts: 88

Belleville, Ontario, Canada

For certain shoots I have quick questionaires online for them to fill out before the shoot.  (comfortable with implied nudity / topless etc.. for boudoir shoots for instance) 

I do always ask if anyone has allergies (My home has a cat, not on set, but someone with severe allergies would still be potentially affected) and food allergies.  (My wife will often bakes some treats for a shoot and would need to know if peanuts were an issue for instance.) 

Depending on the shoot, I may ask if they have any physical limitations for posing.  I had one model who could not lift one of her arms above her head as she had some rotator issues.  She was certainly capable of shooting everything we needed for that set, but I have done some concpets where that limitation would have made me select another model.

Personally , I think a complete standard medical form (Like at a massge therapy as you mentioned) is overboard and may be off putting.  Questions asked in regards to the specific shoot (Like mentioned above- "Are there any health issues with regards to us hikning 5 miles into the woods?" ) are certainly understandable.  They fall under the category of qualifications/ability to do the job.

Dec 09 22 12:12 pm Link

Photographer

Mark Salo

Posts: 11725

Olney, Maryland, US

I'm 75. Models ask me about my health and expect me to sign a liability waiver.

Dec 09 22 04:08 pm Link

Photographer

Marc S Photography

Posts: 136

Mississauga, Ontario, Canada

Mark Salo wrote:
I'm 75. Models ask me about my health and expect me to sign a liability waiver.

+1

Dec 09 22 05:06 pm Link

Model

Model MoRina

Posts: 6638

MacMurdo - permanent station of the US, Sector claimed by New Zealand, Antarctica

If you hire a plumber to replace your water heater would you do this? They're going to be in your home for longer than the average photoshoot. "Hey, Mr. Plumber, you look like you're not fit enough to do this work... is there someone I can call if you keel over?"

If you have a specific type of pose you need for your project or the project requires a lot of effort/high level of fitness to get to the shooting location then make it a requirement in the hiring process. Your job is to make those requirements clear.

I'm sure your intentions are good, but this is a no for me.

Dec 10 22 07:00 am Link

Model

Model MoRina

Posts: 6638

MacMurdo - permanent station of the US, Sector claimed by New Zealand, Antarctica

Mark Salo wrote:
I'm 75. Models ask me about my health and expect me to sign a liability waiver.

Sometimes they help you carry gear too. smile

Dec 10 22 07:01 am Link

Model

Dea and the Beast

Posts: 4796

Saint Petersburg, Florida, US

Complete overkill unless we're filming the Tour De France.

Dec 10 22 07:40 am Link

Photographer

G Reese

Posts: 913

Marion, Indiana, US

Mark Salo wrote:
I'm 75. Models ask me about my health and expect me to sign a liability waiver.

There may be some small risk, but I'd rather go doing what I love. :-)  I'd sign it.

Dec 10 22 08:34 am Link

Photographer

Mark Salo

Posts: 11725

Olney, Maryland, US

Mark Salo wrote:
I'm 75. Models ask me about my health and expect me to sign a liability waiver.

Model MoRina wrote:
Sometimes they help you carry gear too. smile

Yes, thank you Mo.

Dec 10 22 10:30 am Link

Photographer

TLVPhoto

Posts: 94

Apex, North Carolina, US

I think a couple people may have missed, or I did a bad job explaining. The information a model provided, if they did, I would NEVER see. It would never be required. Only if there is a problem the EMS is the only ones that would see it.

No, I would not ask a plumber, or any other person that came into my house to do repairs. A valid point I did not consider. However, I am more concerned with the model then the plumber

It was just something that came to mind while I was sitting around doing nothing.

Dec 10 22 03:53 pm Link

Photographer

Eternal Photos

Posts: 88

Belleville, Ontario, Canada

TLVPhoto wrote:
I think a couple people may have missed, or I did a bad job explaining. The information a model provided, if they did, I would NEVER see. It would never be required. Only if there is a problem the EMS is the only ones that would see it.

No, I would not ask a plumber, or any other person that came into my house to do repairs. A valid point I did not consider. However, I am more concerned with the model then the plumber

It was just something that came to mind while I was sitting around doing nothing.

I think "we" did see it.  (I know I did)  But the "only used in case of emergency doesn't" change anything.  They are still supplying the information.  If a restaurant / hotel / grocery store / shopping center.... asked me to fill in such info, "In case I pass out at their establishment.... but not used otherwise" I would walk away and find those services elswhere.  (Obviously Gyms / massage / doctors and such where the service can be detrimental due to some underlying condition are different)  A photoshoot (unless involving something super streneous   like a Mermaid shoot underwater for extended periods of time...) should not warrant a health form.

Dec 10 22 10:37 pm Link

Photographer

SayCheeZ!

Posts: 20621

Las Vegas, Nevada, US

TLVPhoto wrote:
My second question, if a photographer requested, not required, you fill out one of those quick medical forms, like you would fill out to get a massage, place it in a sealed envelope and made it accessible during the shoot (not in the bottom of your purse or bag) in case there is a problem and you are not able to respond to only be opened my EMS when they arrive, how would feel about that?

The model(s) will probably think "What's next, a pelvic exam?" (For medical purposes only, wink wink)

Most massage therapists are considered to be working in the medical field and they are doing things to the clients body which can affect the persons medical conditions so it's important for them to know a persons medical conditions.  They also most likely went through a HIPAA certification which assures that the practitioner adheres to strict rules regarding keeping their clients medical information private.  The people that work in their office also have to have the same HIPAA certification.

I don't think anyone wants to open THAT can of worms over a photoshoot.

TLVPhoto wrote:
The reason I ask is because I have had a couple models let me know while shooting they needed to take a break and eat because of their blood sugar. There was one model that said she always has an escort because she has had seizures and her escort knows how to handle them.

That's very nice of them to VOLUNTARILY give a 'heads up' in advance and it's probably to their advantage, but it shouldn't be a requirement for anyone to divulge that information.  In many situations it may even be illegal to ask that kind of information (ie: ADA laws allow a person to ask if they require assistance but prohibits the person from asking "why are you disabled" or "what's wrong with you?")

Dec 11 22 06:36 am Link

Model

Model MoRina

Posts: 6638

MacMurdo - permanent station of the US, Sector claimed by New Zealand, Antarctica

TLVPhoto wrote:
I think a couple people may have missed, or I did a bad job explaining. The information a model provided, if they did, I would NEVER see. It would never be required. Only if there is a problem the EMS is the only ones that would see it.

No, I would not ask a plumber, or any other person that came into my house to do repairs. A valid point I did not consider. However, I am more concerned with the model then the plumber

It was just something that came to mind while I was sitting around doing nothing.

I understood that. And I understand you have no ill intention, but it's just paternalistic. And that could possibly make some models choose not to work with you.

Dec 11 22 08:00 am Link

Model

Liv Sage

Posts: 431

Seattle, Washington, US

Model MoRina wrote:
I understood that. And I understand you have no ill intention, but it's just paternalistic. And that could possibly make some models choose not to work with you.

I understand the intent of the original OP, but this is accurate. If a photographer sent me ANYTHING related to my medical info with a form to fill out, I would feel extremely weird and not answer any further emails. In the abstract/hypothetical, I get it. But in practice, that would feel extraordinarily invasive and the "but the photographer wouldn't even see that info, only EMS would" would make me feel even weirder. Not better.

It's a nice thought, but you can easily call EMS in an emergency without this sort of information.

Dec 11 22 11:09 am Link

Photographer

TLVPhoto

Posts: 94

Apex, North Carolina, US

thank you everyone for replying. I feel this was a good discussion with a lot of good feedback.

Dec 11 22 04:16 pm Link

Model

Simon Rob

Posts: 154

Durham, England, United Kingdom

Express Unlimited wrote:
I think it's up to the model and may not often be relevant

Personally I have a Service dog so i have to tell about that - now that I am a photographer I need my clients to be OK with him.  When I was a model i just scheduled shoots around my medical needs and it never really came up.


I have also hired models with kidney and heart or severe breathing medical conditions but there were no issues at the shoots - and they didn't tell me until they got to know me.
I wasn't too happy to find out at a shoot / just after, that (another of them) had a severe mental health issue she had not told me about... If it's going to impact the shoot it ought to be out in the open head of time. 
Just like if you cant hike, don't book 5 miles into the woods - and if you are scared of heights don't book on edge of a skyscraper rooftop!!!

The reason the person did not tell you of the severe mental health problem is because they were sensible enough to realise they would not have gotten the job if they had told you. People are motivated by self interest to some degree and anyway why would a mental health problem impact a photoshoot? I am glad publishers don't do that or there would be no authors left many have some problems minor or otherwise. I personally know 2 autistic authors and met 1 with a fatal disease and most don't bother to say and why should they. No one asks will you keel over at a book signing. Sorry but this is just weird in most creative areas abnormality is the norm.

Aug 10 23 02:49 am Link

Photographer

Patrick Walberg

Posts: 45198

San Juan Bautista, California, US

Express Unlimited wrote:
I think it's up to the model and may not often be relevant

Personally I have a Service dog so i have to tell about that - now that I am a photographer I need my clients to be OK with him.  When I was a model i just scheduled shoots around my medical needs and it never really came up.


I have also hired models with kidney and heart or severe breathing medical conditions but there were no issues at the shoots - and they didn't tell me until they got to know me.
I wasn't too happy to find out at a shoot / just after, that (another of them) had a severe mental health issue she had not told me about... If it's going to impact the shoot it ought to be out in the open head of time. 
Just like if you cant hike, don't book 5 miles into the woods - and if you are scared of heights don't book on edge of a skyscraper rooftop!!!

I've photographed people at weddings. When it comes to working with models, I've photographed hundreds, and probably shot thousands of portraits in the past 40 years.  I never gave it a thought because there never was an incident that occured while I was photographing at which time I had to deal with someone's health issues.  It has always been that way until recently. 

She had a medical emergency shortly after we finished shooting in which she became very ill.  She also happened to be a friend and I listened to her as to what to do at that moment, but I sure do wish I had known of her condition before this happened.  We had shot a couple times before, so it wasn't like she was new to me.  So I have considered the importance of everyone having a contact in case of emergency number, plus other information related to allergies, etc is something that should be accessible to each other.  It is a very smart idea, but also a personal choice. 

You have a service dog, and I love animals!  I am living with congestive heart failure, however it's not something a person can normally see.  Hiking 5 miles into the woods is something I would definitely have to take in consideration my own abilities.  I can walk an hour fairly well on flat or low grade hills, but my mountain climbing days are over.  Your experience as a model previous to picking up the camera gives you more understanding and empathy that many photographers may not have.  We should communicate what is important without giving up too much of our privacy.

Aug 10 23 12:45 pm Link

Photographer

Patrick Walberg

Posts: 45198

San Juan Bautista, California, US

Liv Sage wrote:
I understand the intent of the original OP, but this is accurate. If a photographer sent me ANYTHING related to my medical info with a form to fill out, I would feel extremely weird and not answer any further emails. In the abstract/hypothetical, I get it. But in practice, that would feel extraordinarily invasive and the "but the photographer wouldn't even see that info, only EMS would" would make me feel even weirder. Not better.

It's a nice thought, but you can easily call EMS in an emergency without this sort of information.

It is a choice as to what you wish to communicate and any photographer that would request you fill out a form maybe a bit paranoid about communication and working with people.  Having your written emergency contact information on your person (purse) is important for anything that might happen to you (example; car wreck) as your cellphone cannot be dependable for providing that.  I have my medical and contact information in my billfold with my ID.  If you have a medical condition you think could be a concern when you are shooting with a photographer, such as allergies to certain plants or animals (not so much in the photo studio, more possible on locations.) then you might consider disclosing it. 

Models who have potentially more disabling conditions should strongly consider having an assistant with them at shoots. I appreciate invited people at shoots, just tell me of your requirements.  I don't even like to use the word "escorts" but assistants or invited guests is more appropriate I think. There are many wonderful models and photographers working with disabilities.  As for providing information for EMS, I've been in and out of the hospital for my heart condition.  It's just a personal issue for me, but having important medical information readily accessible for EMS can save your life. Who cares if you are doing a shoot or not, a medical emergency can happen anytime!

Aug 10 23 01:05 pm Link

Photographer

Mark Salo

Posts: 11725

Olney, Maryland, US

TLVPhoto wrote:
The reason I ask is because I have had a couple models let me know while shooting they needed to take a break and eat because of their blood sugar.

They sounded like mature adults.

Aug 10 23 04:23 pm Link

Photographer

JSouthworth

Posts: 1765

Kingston upon Hull, England, United Kingdom

If a model has a medical condition which affects their ability to work, they should make that clear to potential employers. But I wouldn't expect a model to fill in a medical questionnaire prior to a photo shoot.

Aug 11 23 12:53 am Link

Photographer

Al_Vee Photography

Posts: 111

Asheville, North Carolina, US

People's medical information is protected via HIPAA laws. When you interview for a job at a company, they ask if you can lift 25 pounds, or are comfortable working night shifts. These questions might be relevant to health status, but also acknowledge that people's actual medical history and diagnosis is private. No one needs to share private medical history with employers of any type. You could certainly ask, "Are you comfortable with posing outdoors in temperatures over 90F?" Or, "Can you hold a single challenging pose for a minute or more?" More specific questions than that are inappropriate and arguably illegal.

Aug 11 23 07:58 am Link

Photographer

Al_Vee Photography

Posts: 111

Asheville, North Carolina, US

TLVPhoto wrote:
The reason I ask is because I have had a couple models let me know while shooting they needed to take a break and eat because of their blood sugar.

Mark Salo wrote:
They sounded like mature adults.

I was a professional traveling model for more than a decade before I ever picked up a camera. During those years I shot with a number of photographers, whom I identified (rather unfavorably) as "The Robots." These folks wanted to milk every minute out of a half day booking, to the point that it was difficult to get in a pee break or grab a glass of water. I posed in challenging outdoor environments a lot - including nude in cold New England winters, and in scorching desert summers. Sometimes I needed to reapply sunscreen or have a 10 minute water and bathroom break, but occasionally I'd work with a photographer who'd be zooming around frantically, sweating aggressively and just working in a very "hard driving" way. I honestly don't know how some of these types didn't just keel over dead, from not ever eating, drinking or making accommodations for shoots that required hiking into a location.

Thankfully, I was a very healthy person and could put my needs aside and keep working, because at the time, I honestly cared about my reputation more than I cared about my own wellbeing. In hindsight, 10-15 years later, I look back and think that my choice to appease my employer over looking out for my own food/water/rest needs, was absolutely foolish. As a 40 year old photographer today, I never drive my models to the extent we were expected to perform as travelers back in the day.

Good for these people for saying they need a snack. Good for them for asking for breaks and to be treated as human beings. I wish I'd had the wisdom to have used some common sense and self advocacy, back when I was on the touring circuit. My labor and willingness to work hard was exploited more than a handful of times during those years, and now I'm old and wise enough to regret having allowed it to happen.

Aug 11 23 08:09 am Link

Photographer

Al_Vee Photography

Posts: 111

Asheville, North Carolina, US

Double post. Sorry.

Aug 11 23 08:09 am Link

Photographer

Ken Marcus Studios

Posts: 9421

Las Vegas, Nevada, US

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), employers cannot ask employees about their health or possible disabilities. However, your employer can ask about your health in two cases: If they suspect you may have a condition that could risk your safety in the workplace or ability to perform your job.

This applies to part-time, as well as full-time employees. Paid models are considered part-time.

Aug 11 23 08:27 am Link

Photographer

Belinus

Posts: 30

New York, New York, US

+1 Well said sir.  Your comments/postings are always appreciated.

Ken Marcus Studios wrote:
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), employers cannot ask employees about their health or possible disabilities. However, your employer can ask about your health in two cases: If they suspect you may have a condition that could risk your safety in the workplace or ability to perform your job.

This applies to part-time, as well as full-time employees. Paid models are considered part-time.

Aug 11 23 10:27 am Link

Photographer

Sceloporus

Posts: 4

Seattle, Washington, US

I've worked with models who have volunteered concerns such as allergies (please no dogs in the studio) or an unwillingness to work in extreme temperatures. This information is relevant, useful, and appreciated. The closest I've ever come to asking about medical information is about food preferences if I'm planning on bringing snacks to a long shoot. Anything more would be intrusive and strange.

As to HIPAA, it does not apply to anything in this discussion. HIPAA restricts the release of medical information by health care providers (and some associated businesses). Photographers are not health care providers. Models are not health care providers. HIPAA has no application.

Aug 12 23 10:28 am Link

Photographer

SayCheeZ!

Posts: 20621

Las Vegas, Nevada, US

Sceloporus wrote:
As to HIPAA, it does not apply to anything in this discussion. HIPAA restricts the release of medical information by health care providers (and some associated businesses). Photographers are not health care providers. Models are not health care providers. HIPAA has no application.

I don't think anyone will doubt that, but you may or may not know that MM Gatekeepers and Moderators have to pass a HIPAA test  to become a moderator or gatekeeper.  I never could figure out why for the reasons that you've stated above, but I guess they want GK's and M's to follow the same privacy standards to avoid any kind of issues in the future.

Aug 12 23 12:05 pm Link

Photographer

JSouthworth

Posts: 1765

Kingston upon Hull, England, United Kingdom

Al_Vee Photography wrote:

I was a professional traveling model for more than a decade before I ever picked up a camera. During those years I shot with a number of photographers, whom I identified (rather unfavorably) as "The Robots." These folks wanted to milk every minute out of a half day booking, to the point that it was difficult to get in a pee break or grab a glass of water. I posed in challenging outdoor environments a lot - including nude in cold New England winters, and in scorching desert summers. Sometimes I needed to reapply sunscreen or have a 10 minute water and bathroom break, but occasionally I'd work with a photographer who'd be zooming around frantically, sweating aggressively and just working in a very "hard driving" way. I honestly don't know how some of these types didn't just keel over dead, from not ever eating, drinking or making accommodations for shoots that required hiking into a location.

Thankfully, I was a very healthy person and could put my needs aside and keep working, because at the time, I honestly cared about my reputation more than I cared about my own wellbeing. In hindsight, 10-15 years later, I look back and think that my choice to appease my employer over looking out for my own food/water/rest needs, was absolutely foolish. As a 40 year old photographer today, I never drive my models to the extent we were expected to perform as travelers back in the day.

Good for these people for saying they need a snack. Good for them for asking for breaks and to be treated as human beings. I wish I'd had the wisdom to have used some common sense and self advocacy, back when I was on the touring circuit. My labor and willingness to work hard was exploited more than a handful of times during those years, and now I'm old and wise enough to regret having allowed it to happen.

Doing a photo shoot as a photographer can be hard work and quite intense, you can get involved in what you're doing to the point where you don't want to stop. But it's hard work for the model(s) as well, so 10 to 15 minutes for breaks should be factored in for each hour of work. And it's important to remember that different people have different limits.

Who wants to fill in a health questionnaire? I think a lot of models would view that with suspicion as an attempt to gain control, as a form of bullying even.

Aug 14 23 03:08 am Link

Photographer

Dan Howell

Posts: 3560

Kerhonkson, New York, US

TLVPhoto wrote:
As a photographer I have a question for models that may or may not have some type of on-going medical condition. (I am not asking what it is you have, please keep that private.) Have you disclosed the issue with the photographer and provided any special instructions in advance in the event something happens while shooting?

Let's see...do you do that with a plumber, carpenter or electrician that comes to your house or studio for a brief scheduled service of their trade? Do you do it for a cleaning service or lawn care worker? All of those pursuits have greater on site risks associated with their work than models do. If you don't ask them, why would you ask a model?

Aug 15 23 03:00 am Link

Photographer

JSouthworth

Posts: 1765

Kingston upon Hull, England, United Kingdom

Dan Howell wrote:
Let's see...do you do that with a plumber, carpenter or electrician that comes to your house or studio for a brief scheduled service of their trade? Do you do it for a cleaning service or lawn care worker? All of those pursuits have greater on site risks associated with their work than models do. If you don't ask them, why would you ask a model?

Moreover, would most photographers appreciate the model sending a questionnaire ahead of a photo shoot asking whether he/she had any heart conditions or sexually transmissible diseases? Possibly not.

Aug 16 23 10:37 am Link

Photographer

Weldphoto

Posts: 844

Charleston, South Carolina, US

It would be good to know if the model had any food allergies if food is going to be involved and if the model has any phobia issues. I was shooting with a delightful girl in a woods area which was going nicely until she, being closer to the ground, saw a spider or some such critter.  She had a sever phobic reaction which was frightening for all of us. It was genuine and she was terrified. The shoot ended at once and then she told me she had a phobia of spiders. I would have liked to have know ahead of time and would have picked a different location. All ended well, but it could have been avoided if she had told me. Should I have asked ahead of time if she had phobias (is that correct plural?) or allergies? Perhaps, but it never occurred to me. That is quite different from asking for medical history, though, which I do not think is appropriate.

Aug 17 23 05:59 pm Link

Photographer

Patrick Walberg

Posts: 45198

San Juan Bautista, California, US

Weldphoto wrote:
It would be good to know if the model had any food allergies if food is going to be involved and if the model has any phobia issues. I was shooting with a delightful girl in a woods area which was going nicely until she, being closer to the ground, saw a spider or some such critter.  She had a sever phobic reaction which was frightening for all of us. It was genuine and she was terrified. The shoot ended at once and then she told me she had a phobia of spiders. I would have liked to have know ahead of time and would have picked a different location. All ended well, but it could have been avoided if she had told me. Should I have asked ahead of time if she had phobias (is that correct plural?) or allergies? Perhaps, but it never occurred to me. That is quite different from asking for medical history, though, which I do not think is appropriate.

The original post provides an interesting question, but I agree with you.  What it all comes down to is communication.   No model (or photographer for that matter) should be compelled to fill out a medical survey or identify to the other medical conditions that will not likely be an issue for a photo shoot.  Being outdoors or on location can present some unknown factors.  It's an individual decision as to just what one wants to inform another about.

What I think is important is that we should all carry emergency contact information and any medical information that would be helpful if you have a medical emergency where you are not able to communicate to first responders.

Aug 20 23 01:54 pm Link

Photographer

Lallure Photographic

Posts: 2086

Taylors, South Carolina, US

If I were the model, and had a condition that might become an emergency, I would tell the photographer how to handle that situation, IF it were to occur.

Otherwise, it would seem that only if there were some issue with physical movement, which might impact on the work to be done, would anything else need to come up.

It is common for brides to fail to eat, before having their bridal portraits done, and in hot climates, in those heat inducing gowns, that's a big mistake. We always watched for the signs, and were readily prepared to counter the issue, with a break and Gatoraid or comparable drink, and a snack, once cooled down a bit. If you follow that same approach with model photography, you should be able to prevent having to end the shoot. Most of the time, I have had no problems of that nature with models, but we always provided a break with a snack, or a light meal, in a timely manner, if the shoot went very long. (Being careful with make up, of course.)

Rick

Sep 08 23 01:19 pm Link